The DAVID PAL is a portable Audio-Visual Entrainment (light & sound therapy) device. Using flashes of lights and pulses of tones, the DAVID PAL gently and safely guides the brain into various brain wave patterns.

The DAVID PAL uses the Tru-Vu Omniscreen Eyesets - which were carefully designed to provide the most effective light and sound experience.

The Tru-Vu Omniscreen eyesets use eight high efficiency white bulbs mounted over a silver reflector behind a light blue-tinted translucent screen. This disperses the light evenly, protects the bulbs and removes any red light which may be produced by the bulbs. White light has proven most effective in imagery, relaxation and visualization.

The new Tru-Vu Omniscreen eyesets are specially designed to allow for the left and right visual fields of each eye to be individually stimulated rather than the entire eye. With the Tru-Vu Omniscreen eyesets, the lights flash into the left visual fields of both eyes, then alternately flashes into the right visual fields of both eyes. This approach allows the ability to stimulate either visual cortex with a frequency different from the other visual cortex. For example, a person who functions strongly from the left brain could have 8 Hz stimlulated into the right visual field (and therefore the left brain) to slow down left brain function and have 18 Hz stimulated into the left visual field to increase right brain function.

• Independent Left & Right Volume Control - The DAVID PAL has independent left and right volume control dials. This feature is especially useful for anyone who has inbalanced hearing capabilities and hearing loss.
• Isochronic Pulsed Tones - The tones of the DAVID PAL are evenly spaced, are of equal pitch and are turned on and off at a specified rate. This is important to enhance the effectiveness of audio entrainment.
• Soft-Off - The gradual lowering of the light stimulation at the end of the session prevents a startle response (also known as somnatic shock). Soft-Off ensures that relaxation and other benefits carry over even after a session.
• Easy-To-Find Intensity and Select Buttons - Both the select button and the intensity button are raised so that you can make the necessary adjustments easily and quickly. Adjust the intensity of the Omniscreen eyeset with the easy-to-find INT button. Simply press the SEL button to select which preset sesssion you wish to run.
• 18 Preset Sessions - Including Brain Brightner (for ADD and cognition), Fractioned Hypnosis, Alpha/Beta Mix (for depression), Schumann with Dissociation & HRV (for meditation), Beta Perker, Theta with Dissociation (for sleeping), and Music Modulation (to turn your music into an intriguing light show).
• Built-in Charger - One of the special and unique features of the DAVID PAL is that it has charging capabilities. The DAVID PAL can charge rechargeable batteries and even your alkaline batteries when you're not using the DAVID PAL. You just simply set the ON/OFF/CHARGE switch to charge mode to recharge your batteries.

Brainwave patterns are commonly grouped into four different categories: Beta, Alpha, Theta and Delta. Each of these brainwave patterns is associated with various states of mind. Below is a list of the DAVID PAL's included, pre-programmed protocols for a variety of brainwave stimulation sessions:

Beta - Let's Get Alert

• Sensory Motor Rhythm (SMR) - Use to achieve relaxed attention.
• Sensory Motor Rhythm (SMR) with Dissociation - Use to improve sleep for those who have insomnia due to a "racing" mind but relaxed body.
• Beta Perker - A great way to get going in the morning without caffeine. This session helps reduce ADD and SAD symptoms. May cause anxiety.
• ADD & Learning - This session has rapid transitions for mental stimulation to help keep the user "engaged" in the session. Used in the ADD study published in the Journal of Neurotherapy.
• Brain Brightener - Use with seniors to improve mental functioning and memory. Based on Budzynski's study. Similar to ADD and Learning (A4) but uses gentle transitions more amenable for seniors. Can also be used for ADD.
• Skill/Sport Enhancement - Use this session to develop any skill or improve performance. Visualize feeling your best during the first half (alpha) and then visualize your perfect performance during the second half (beta) of the session.

Alpha - Great for Relaxation and Meditation

• Healthy Alpha with Dissociation - Healthy alpha is 10 Hz. Most disorders have alpha slowing down. This session re-establishes the natural alpha rhythm. Good for beginners.
• Extended Deep Alpha Relaxer with Dissociation - Stay relaxed for your dental, massage, chiropractic, and other appointments.
• Schumann Resonance with Dissociation - For a quick, thorough afternoon meditation. For those on the go.
• Extended Schumann Resonance with Dissociation - For effective deep meditation & particularly to improve the onset of sleep. Calms "hyper/chattery" minds. Also for chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia and anxiety. Ideal for those with insomnia who have a busy mind and tense body.
• "State Five Meditation" - Use for ultra-deep meditation and for sleep. Use to quiet "hyper" minds. Based on Maxwell Cade's work with Zen meditators.

Theta The Dream State - Enhance Your Creativity

• Theta with Dissociation - Use for creative visualization and sleep.

Delta - The Sleep State

• Meditate to Sleep with Dissociation - Meditate, visualize, and think soothing thoughts during the first half (8 Hz); fall asleep during the second half (3 Hz).
• Delta with Dissociation - To aid in falling asleep. Best for those with pain. Fall asleep with session running.
• Sub-Delta - Mildly dissociating. Calms the hypothalamus. Beneficial for some with fibromyalgia and hypertension.

Depression Reduction

• Alpha/Beta with Dissociation - Settles down negative emotions from the right brain while stimulating the left brain to rebalance alpha asymmetry.

Hypnosis

• Fractionated Hypnosis/Alpha - This session simulates the hypno-therapy process

Lucid Experiences

• Lucid Dreaming - Sound Sync - Based on audio input frequency range of 52 to 1275 Hz. Audio frequencies below 160 Hz will slow the rate down by up to 1 Hz. Frequencies above 160 Hz will increase the rate by up to 1 Hz. Travel on lucid journeys with your favorite music.

AVE & HRV (HEART RATE VARIABILITY)

For the first time, a system exists where meditative breathing may be paced along with an audio-visual entrainment (AVE) session. Long, graceful breathing cycles have been used as part of meditation. Scientifically, this technique has been analysed and shown to settle down a stressed autonomic nervous system. Both sympathetic (flight-or-fight) activity and para-sympathetic (the brain’s efforts to compensate) activity settle down dramatically using HRV techniques.

The heart speeds up with every breath in and slows down with every breath out. This swing in heart rate is HRV. A typical heart beat swing is in the order of about 15 beats per minute (pbm). When people get stressed, the heart typically clamps to sometimes as low as five bpm HRV at times intermixed with sharp spikes in heart rate. This is all abnormal activity and is rough on the heart.

The HRV technique used clinically is based on a 10 second breathing cycle (six breaths/minute, by inhaling slowly for five seconds and exhaling slowly for five seconds in an easy, relaxed breath). When using HRV paced breathing, listen to the heartbeat generated by the DAVID PAL through the headphones. Inhale for two heartbeats and exhale for two heartbeats (not your own heartbeats!). Most sessions begin at seven breathing cycles/minute (28 heartbeats/min) and slow to six breaths /minute (24 heartbeats/min). This allows the user to breathe a little faster at the onset of a session until he/she has had time to relax.

Optional DAVID Session Editor Software

The DAVID PAL can be programmed using the DAVID Session Editor software. The session editor allows any type of session to be designed and used in your PAL. It provides programmability for all functions such as rates, volume, intensity, tones, number of replays, etc. It includes a complete library of PAL Preset sessions from which you may design your own session.

With the DAVID Session Editor, all of the 18 pre-set sessions in the PAL can be erased allowing the clinician to install a "prescription" of only the sessions that the clinician wants the client to use. The clinician may also set the number of times that a session may be played. After all of the replays have been used, the session just stops and the client will have to return to for a "refill". This allows the clinician to more closely monitor which and how often sessions are being used.

Sessions may be downloaded from the headphone jack of a computer, CD/MP3 player or through the internet. Because session data may be contained in a wave file (made with the DAVID Session Editor) anyone may also attach the data to music, hypnotic inductions, affirmations etc, and automatically program the PAL to sync up with the audio when it is played.

The DAVID PAL can be programmed using the DAVID Session Editor software. The session editor allows any type of session to be designed and used in your PAL. It provides programmability for all functions such as rates, volume, intensity, tones, number of replays, etc. It includes a complete library of PAL Preset sessions from which you may design your own session.

USING ANY EYE SET OTHER THAN THE OMNISCREEN EYESET WILL VOID THE WARRANTY .

• Tru-Vu Omniscreen Eyesets
• Quality Stereo Headphones
• Stereo Patch Cord
• DAVID Carry Bag
• 9-Volt Alkaline Battery
• Comprehensive Operator's Manual

WHAT IS AUDIO-VISUAL ENTRAINMENT (AVE)?

AVE means audio-visual entrainment. Lights flashing in the eyes and/or tones pulsing in the ears at different frequencies from 1 to 25 Hz have an influence on brainwave activity. The brain responds to or resonates (mirrors) to the stimuli, being able to speed up or slow down with the stimuli.

What is Happening When I Use A DAVID?

With each flash of light and each tone pulse, the brain produces an electrical response. The colors and patterns are the creations of the “spark” - what neurologists call the “cortical evoked response”, the electric response of the top most cortical layer of the brain. The brain is a mass of neuron cells, each taking part in the storing, retrieving and transmitting of electro-chemical impulses - information, colors, images, sounds, smells and tastes. Given the lives most of us lead, we are exposed to enormous amounts of daily stimulation. With stimulation from the DAVID, different areas of the brain are stimulated, and by this, stored material is awakened and released.

Another reason the DAVID creates relaxation is through the entrainment process where the brain resonates along with the stimulus. When the brain is stimulated with pulsed neuro-electrical activity via the nerves originating from the eyes and ears, the overall activity of the brain will respond to and align with these pulses. By selecting the desired rate, the brain, via the frequency following response (entrainment), can be persuaded into the selected brainwave state. It is also because of the “frequency following response” or entrainment that the DAVID produces benefits similarly found with meditation.

Support documents are in Adobe PDF format. Get the latest version of Adobe Reader here. To save PDFs, right click and "Save link as..."

DAVID PAL Manual

DAVID PAL User's Guide