“About 30-40% of patients respond to their first antidepressant trial with reduced symptom severity but not remission. The monoamine deficiency hypothesis is poorly supported by research findings, especially for serotonin. Current research has targeted seven key areas: the interaction of multiple neurotransmitter (NT) systems, decreased neurogenesis and repair, structural abnormalities, functional abnormalities, inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, and reduced heart rate variability (HRV). This installment concludes with a summary of biofeedback and neurofeedback efficacy in MDD…”
